一份装满 60 箱 75% 乙醇消毒液的全货机货昨晚交单到机场货站。下午 4 点交，晚上 9 点回单——DGD 被退了第 4 次。 第一次退：Aircraft Type 那一栏画了「Passenger and Cargo Aircraft」，但货量超出客机限重，应该画「Cargo Aircraft Only」。 第二次退：PSN 写成了 "Ethanol 75%"，标准写法应该是 "Ethanol" 或 "Ethanol solution"。 第三次退：Quantity & Type of Packing 那一栏写了 "60 boxes × 2.4 L"，没写净量和外包装类型。 第四次退：Shipper 签名栏的姓名和资质证书 ID 不一致。 客户在那头催出货，地服又交不出单。这种事情每个 DG 货代仓库都遇到过。DGD 看上去就 30 几个格子，新人填一遍 90% 出错，资深操作员填一遍 90% 一次过。差距在哪？这一篇把 IATA DGR 第 8 章 DGD 的逐字段规则一次性拆给你。
一、DGD 是什么：法律地位 + 谁来签
DGD（Shipper's Declaration for Dangerous Goods，托运人危险品申报书），俗称"红条单"——它的左右两侧有醒目的红色斜条纹边框。
DGD 的法律地位很特殊：
- 它是托运人对承运人和民航当局的法律声明，签字人对内容真实性和完整性承担民事和刑事责任
- 必须由完成 IATA DGR 培训（CAT 6 Initial / Recurrent）并取得有效证书的人员签署
- 签字人姓名必须和证书 ID 对应
- 任何字段写错，整票货拒运；严重瞒报会被列入承运人黑名单 + 当局调查
签字人不仅是"操作员"，而是 持牌的 DG 专员。这个岗位在欧美航空货运代理公司里是有独立薪资体系的，国内中小货代有时还在让没有培训证书的人代签，这是巨大的法律风险。
二、DGD 必填字段总览
DGD 标准格式（IATA DGR 第 8 章模板）大致分四段，共 30+ 字段。下面这张表是一线"逐格填" 的速查：
| 区域 | 关键字段 | 写错代价 |
|---|
| 顶部识别 | Shipper / Consignee / AWB / 起运地 / 目的地 | 退件，重打单 |
| 中部限制 | Aircraft Type / Shipment Type / Non-radioactive | 退件，可能改舱位 |
| 核心货物 | UN/PSN/Class/Subsidiary/PG/Quantity/PI/Authorization | 退件 + 瞒报风险 |
| 底部声明 | Additional Handling / Emergency Phone / Signature | 退件，紧急时无法应急 |
三、顶部字段：Shipper / Consignee / AWB / 起运 / 目的
这一段最容易被"快速填过去"，恰恰退件率最高。
1. Shipper（托运人）
- 写法：完整公司名 + 完整地址 + 电话 + 国家
- 避坑：不能只写"上海某某公司"四个字，必须英文 + 完整地址
- 必须和 AWB 上的 Shipper 一致
2. Consignee（收货人）
- 写法：完整公司名 + 完整地址 + 电话 + 国家
- 避坑：不能写 "TO ORDER" 或 "TO BE ADVISED"，DGD 必须明确收货人
- 必须和 AWB 上的 Consignee 一致
3. Air Waybill No.
- 11 位数字，前 3 位是承运航司前缀（如国航 999、汉莎 020）+ 后 8 位流水号
- 和 AWB 实际编号必须完全一致
4. Airport / City of Departure & Destination
- 用 IATA 三字代码 + 城市英文名（如 "PVG / Shanghai" + "FRA / Frankfurt"）
- 过境机场不在这里写，写在 Additional Handling 区或附在另附运单上
四、中部字段：Aircraft Type / Shipment Type / Non-radioactive
这一段三个字段全是「画勾」，看似简单，画错一项整票货退。
1. Aircraft Type
两个选项必须删除一个（用粗黑笔划掉）：
| 选项 | 何时保留 |
|---|
| Passenger and Cargo Aircraft | 当所有货均符合客机限重且非禁客机品类时 |
| Cargo Aircraft Only | 当任何一项货超出客机限重，或属于 CAO 限定品类 |
严格规则：留下的那个必须和外箱 CAO 标贴一致。如果留 "Cargo Aircraft Only"，外箱必须贴 CAO 橙黑标贴。
2. Shipment Type
两个选项必须删除一个：
- Non-radioactive（非放射性）
- Radioactive（放射性）
非放射性货保留前者。放射性货走专门的 DGR 第 10 章流程，本系列不展开。
3. Airport / City of Destination
如果有过境机场或多段航段，要在这里补充注明。
五、核心字段：货物信息逐列填法
这是 DGD 最核心的 8 列。每一列都有严格写法。
`` | UN/ID No. | Proper Shipping Name | Class | Sub | PG | Quantity & Type | PI | Authorization | ``
1. UN/ID No.
- 4 位数字，必须写 "UN" 前缀
- 不要和 ID 号混淆（ID 号是 ICAO 自己分配的，少数物质用）
2. Proper Shipping Name（PSN）
- 完全按 DGL 表的写法，大小写、括号、空格 1:1 复制
- N.O.S. 条目要补技术名称：
Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (Ethanol, Isopropanol) - 不要加自己理解的描述，如「75%」「pure」等额外文字（除非 DGL 表本身允许）
3. Class or Division
- 主类填这里（如 "3"、"2.1"、"5.1"、"9"）
- 写阿拉伯数字 + 子类编号
4. Subsidiary Risk
- 次类填这里（如 "5.1"、"6.1"）
- 用括号注明：
(5.1) 或 5.1 - 没有次类则写 "—" 或留空
5. Packing Group
- 罗马数字 I / II / III
- Class 1 / 2 / 7 / 5.2 等不分 PG 的货写 "—" 或留空
6. Quantity and Type of Packing
这是最常出错的一栏。标准写法：
`` 件数 + 外包装类型 + 内包装件数 × 单瓶容量 = 总净量 ``
举例：
60 fibreboard boxes × 24 plastic bottles × 100 mL = 144 L net1 steel drum × 200 L = 200 L net2 IBCs × 1000 L = 2000 L net
要明确：净量（不是毛重），包装层级（外箱 + 内瓶），单位（L 液体 / kg 固体）。
7. Packing Instruction（PI）
- 写 DGL 给出的 PI 编号
- 如果走限量：写
Y341 或 LQ，Authorization 列写 "Limited Quantity" - 如果走例外数量：写
E1 / E2 等，Authorization 列写 "Excepted Quantity"
8. Authorization
- 常见值：
- 空（普通完整 DG）
Limited Quantity / LQExcepted Quantity / EQA1、A2 等 Special Provisions 引用号（按 DGL Special Provisions 列要求）
如果不熟 DGL 的对应关系，建议先用 Dangerous Goods Check 输入 UN 号预筛，工具会一次性输出 PSN、Class、次类、PG、PI、限量阈值、Authorization 建议值，再手动誊抄到 DGD 草稿。
六、底部字段：Additional Handling / Emergency Phone / Signature
DGD 的底部三栏决定了"出事了能不能联系上人"。
1. Additional Handling Information
可填项：
- 过境机场（如
Via Anchorage） - 特殊操作要求（如
Keep upright、Temperature controlled +2 to +8 °C） - 锂电池附加说明
- 容器堆放限制
2. 24-Hour Emergency Phone Number
- 必填、必须是 24 小时可联系到 DG 专员的电话
- 锂电池货必须填
- 国家代码 + 区号 + 完整号码
- 写错的代价：地服怀疑应急能力，直接退件；如果真出事，无人接电话 → 启动民航当局调查
3. Name & Signature of Signatory
- 签字人姓名必须全名，和 IATA DGR 培训证书上的姓名一致
- 签字人证书 ID（如 IATA DGR Training Certificate No.）建议同时注明
- 手签必须为原迹（电子签名要看承运航司是否接受）
- 日期：DGD 签发当天日期
如果同时要出 AWB，建议用 AWB Filler 把 AWB 字段提前对齐——DGD 和 AWB 上的 Shipper、Consignee、Quantity、Net Weight 必须完全一致，两份不一致是地服第二高频卡件原因。
七、DGD 与 AWB 的四方对账：最容易忽略的一致性检查
一票 DG 货走完整流程时，会产生四份关键文件，它们之间任何一项信息不一致都会被地服卡掉。一线把这叫做"四方对账"：
| 文件 | 关键字段 | 谁出 |
|---|
| DGD（危险品申报单） | UN/PSN/Class/PG/Quantity/PI | 持牌 DG 操作员 |
| AWB（空运提单） | Shipper/Consignee/Pieces/Weight/Nature of Goods | 货代 |
| 外箱标贴 | UN/PSN/标签/标记 | 工厂 / 包装供应商 |
| PI 包装报告 | 内瓶 + 外箱组合 | UN 包装制造商 |
四方对账的核心一致性项：
- UN 号：DGD = 外箱印字 = AWB Nature of Goods 描述
- PSN 写法：DGD = 外箱印字（完全一致，大小写括号都对齐）
- 件数：DGD = AWB Pieces = 外箱数清点
- 净量 / 毛重：DGD 净量 + AWB 毛重 + 实际过磅
- 包装类型：DGD Quantity & Type = 外箱实际类型
- 签字人：DGD 签字人姓名 + 证书 ID 留底 = 货代档案备查
最容易出问题的两项：
- DGD 写了 "60 boxes × 24 bottles × 100 mL = 144 L net"，但 AWB 上 Nature of Goods 只写了 "Consumer goods" —— AWB 描述必须包含 DG 标识，至少要写明 UN 号 + PSN
- DGD 上 Net Weight 没换算到 AWB 上 → AWB 必须明确区分 Gross Weight（毛重）和 Net Weight（净量）
资深操作员在交单前会把这四份文件并排摆开，用红笔把同一字段在每份上画圈，一项一项对——这个动作只要 3 分钟，能避免 90% 的退件。
八、DGD 的几种特殊场景变体
DGD 不是「一种模板走天下」。下面 4 种特殊场景需要在标准 DGD 基础上加额外信息：
1. 锂电池货物
- Quantity 列必须注明电池数量 + 单电池瓦时（Wh）或锂含量（g）
- 例：
1 box × 4 lithium ion batteries × 100 Wh per cell, 400 Wh per package - Authorization 列：根据 PI 965-970 的 Section 标注（Section II / IB / IA）
- Emergency Phone 必填
- 货必须贴锂电池操作标签
2. 干冰冷链货物
- Quantity 列必须注明干冰净重（不是总毛重）
- 例：
1 EPS box × 5 kg dry ice + sample inside - 外箱必须可透气（干冰升华释放 CO₂）
- 单件干冰净重不得超 PI 954 限制（一般客机 / 全货机有差异）
- Additional Handling 注明"Allow venting"
3. 限量（Limited Quantity）货物
- Quantity 列正常填写
- Authorization 列填 "Limited Quantity"
- PI 列填 Y 前缀编号（如 Y341）
- 可以不贴主类标签，但必须贴 Y 标记 + 方向箭头
4. 例外数量（Excepted Quantity）货物
- Quantity 列注明每瓶最大净量 + 每件外箱最大净量
- Authorization 列填 "Excepted Quantity"
- PI 列填 E1 / E2 等
- 外箱贴 E 标记，标明主危险类号
- 单件外箱总量不得超 1 kg 或 1 L
每一种变体的细节都比标准 DGD 多 1-2 项核对。新人不熟时建议每出一类货留底一份完整范本作为内部 SOP。
九、一份完整 DGD 样本（虚构示范）
下面是一份按本文规则填写的标准 DGD 草稿（除产品信息真实外，公司信息均为虚构）：
``` Shipper: Shanghai DG Logistics Co., Ltd. 123 Hongqiao Road, Shanghai 200000, China Tel: +86-21-XXXXXXXX Consignee: Frankfurt Import GmbH 45 Hauptstraße, 60311 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Tel: +49-69-XXXXXXX
AWB No.: 020-12345678 (Lufthansa Cargo) Departure: PVG / Shanghai Destination: FRA / Frankfurt
[X] Cargo Aircraft Only (Passenger划掉) [X] Non-radioactive (Radioactive划掉)
| UN/ID No. | Proper Shipping Name | Class | Sub | PG | Quantity & Type | PI | Authorization | | UN1170 | Ethanol | 3 | — | II | 60 fibreboard boxes × 24 PE bottles × 100mL = 144 L net | Y341 | Limited Quantity |
Additional Handling Information:
- Keep upright. This way up.
- Y mark applied. Class 3 label not required for LQ.
Emergency Phone (24h): +86-21-XXXXXXXX
I hereby declare that the contents of this consignment are fully and accurately described above by the Proper Shipping Name, and are classified, packaged, marked and labelled, and in all respects in proper condition for transport according to the applicable international and national governmental regulations.
Name & Title of Signatory: Wang Xiao Ming / DG Operations Manager IATA CAT 6 Certificate No.: CN-2026-XXXXX Place / Date: Shanghai / 2026-XX-XX Signature: _____________________ ```
十、多 UN 号合并 DGD 与中转货特殊处理
实操中经常遇到「一票货里有多个 UN 号」或者「需要中转多个航段」的情况，DGD 的填法略有差异。
1. 多 UN 号合并申报
如果同一 AWB 下有 2-5 个不同 UN 号的 DG（比如电池 + 干冰 + 香水合包），可以用一张 DGD 合并申报，但要：
- 每个 UN 号占一行，依次列出
- Aircraft Type 取最严格的那个（任何一项要求 CAO，则整张 DGD 走 CAO）
- 每个 UN 号都要单独算 PI 限重，单独贴标签
- 兼容性矩阵 Table 9.3.A 必须先过一遍（详见本系列下一篇）
- 总件数和总毛重在 DGD 头部明确
如果货品超过 5 个 UN 号，建议拆成多张 DGD + 多张 AWB 分单走货，方便地服核对，也减少出错概率。
2. 中转货（Transhipment）
中转货指起运后要在第三方机场换班机再续飞的情况。DGD 填法注意：
- Additional Handling Information 必须写明：
Via [Transhipment Airport IATA Code] - 例：上海 → 法兰克福，经迪拜中转 →
Via DXB - 中转机场所在国的 SV（State Variation）也必须查过
- 中转航司的 OV 也要查过
中转环节的退件率比直飞高 2-3 倍，因为多了一层合规复核。条件允许的情况下优先选直飞航班。
3. e-DGD（电子 DGD）的演进趋势
国际航空货运代理协会和各大航司这两年都在推 e-DGD（电子 DGD）。它的优势：
- 后台数据库自动校验 UN / PSN / PI 是否对得上
- 自动算 PI 限重
- 自动生成多份副本
- 自动留底，应急时秒查
但目前的现实是：
- 每家承运航司接受 e-DGD 的标准不同，部分仍要纸质 DGD 原件
- 目的国地服支持程度不一，有些国家仍要求纸质 DGD 入境
- 起运前一定要和承运航司确认是否接受 e-DGD
如果你公司还没引入 e-DGD 系统，纸质 DGD 仍是默认。在条件允许时优先用机打而不是手写，机打字段清晰、不易误读，减少地服质疑空间。
十一、常见误区
- 误区 1：DGD 是格式化文件，复制上一票改一下就行 —— 这是最高频的事故源。每票货的 UN / PSN / 数量 / PI 都可能变化，必须重新对照 DGL 填。
- 误区 2：PSN 可以加自己的描述 —— 错。PSN 必须 1:1 复制 DGL 写法，多一个词都算偏差。
- 误区 3：Quantity 写毛重就行 —— 错。必须写净量，并明确包装层级。
- 误区 4：限量货不用填 Authorization 列 —— 错。必须填 "Limited Quantity"。
- 误区 5：Aircraft Type 没划掉一个，让航司自己判断 —— 错。必须删除一个，留下唯一选项。
- 误区 6：Emergency Phone 写公司总机 —— 高风险。必须是 24 小时能联系到 DG 专员的电话，总机白天可能接得到，晚上接不到的话出事就是大事故。
- 误区 7：签字人姓名缩写 / 用艺名 —— 错。必须全名 + 证书 ID 对应。
- 误区 8：电子签名万能 —— 不一定。许多承运航司仍要求手签原件，部分航司开始接受 e-DGD（电子 DGD），但要事先确认航司支持。
- 误区 9：DGD 一式一份就够 —— 错。通常 4-5 份（托运人留底 + AWB 附件 + 地服 + 承运航司 + 目的港）。
- 误区 10：DGD 出错可以涂改后重签 —— 错。任何涂改都视为无效，必须重新打印重签。
十二、实操检查清单（DGD 交单前 60 秒）
- [ ] Shipper / Consignee 完整地址 + 电话 + 国家
- [ ] AWB 号 11 位 + 和承运航司前缀一致
- [ ] 起运 / 目的机场 IATA 三字代码
- [ ] Aircraft Type 已划掉一个，留下的与 CAO 标贴一致
- [ ] Non-radioactive 已勾选（如非放射性货）
- [ ] UN 号 + PSN 完全和 DGL 一致
- [ ] N.O.S. 已补技术名称
- [ ] Class / 次类 / PG 写法符合 DGR 规则
- [ ] Quantity 写了净量 + 包装层级 + 单位
- [ ] PI 编号正确，限量 / 例外数量已在 Authorization 列注明
- [ ] Additional Handling 已写过境机场和特殊要求
- [ ] Emergency Phone 24 小时可联系
- [ ] 签字人姓名 + 证书 ID 完整 + 当天日期
- [ ] DGD 一式 4-5 份齐备
- [ ] DGD 内容与 AWB、外箱标贴、PI 包装四方对账
- [ ] 复印件、应急清单和 ICE（Inbound Cargo Enquiry）准备齐全
派工前一并算清楚 DG 附加费、燃油附加费、安检费——用 Surcharge Estimator 一次性算齐，避免报价单和实际账单偏差太大。
十三、给三类岗位的判定方法
| 岗位 | DGD 决策核心动作 | 输出 |
|---|
| 货代 / 操作 | 拿 SDS + DGL → 出 DGD 草稿 → 双人复核 → 签字交单 | 完整合规 DGD |
| 跨境电商运营 | 确认供应商 / 工厂能否提供持牌 DG 操作员代签 | 合作伙伴筛选 |
| 工厂 / 供应商 | 准备完整 SDS + COA + 包装认证给货代 | 让货代少改单 |
十四、退件最常见的 5 类原因 + 怎么避免
地服打回 DGD 的理由再花样，归纳起来基本是这 5 类。这是行业经验沉淀，新人对照能少踩很多坑：
| 退件类型 | 占比估计 | 典型表现 | 预防动作 |
|---|
| 字段写错 / 漏填 | 约 40% | UN / PSN / PI 错位、Authorization 缺、Quantity 单位错 | DGL 反查 + 双人复核 |
| 四方不一致 | 约 25% | DGD 与 AWB / 外箱 / 包装报告对不上 | 交单前并排对账 3 分钟 |
| Aircraft Type 错选 | 约 15% | 应 CAO 标了 Pax + Cargo | PI 限重表过一遍 |
| 签字 / 证书问题 | 约 10% | 签字非全名、证书过期、电子签不被认 | 内部档案管理 |
| 应急联系问题 | 约 5% | 电话写错、24h 无人接 | 测试拨通 |
| 其他 | 约 5% | 涂改、缺页、字迹不清 | 重打不涂改 |
把这 5 类的预防动作做成内部 SOP 的硬性卡口，每张 DGD 出门前都过一遍，能把退件率压到行业领先水平。退件不仅仅是单子被退回，背后还有客户信任、航班延误、地服关系等隐性损失。每一次退件都是一次客户体验下降，长期累积会动摇你和优质航司、优质客户的合作根基。
十五、合规与边界提醒
- 本文是基于公开的 IATA DGR 第 8 章 Documentation 体系做的实操梳理，不构成法律、合规或安全建议
- DGD 模板和填写要求以现行版 IATA DGR 第 8 章为准
- 不同承运航司（OV）可能要求附加 DGD 附件，起运前查最新版
- e-DGD（电子 DGD）规则正在演进，每家航司接受范围不同，事先确认
- 签字人必须持有有效的 IATA DGR CAT 6 培训证书，培训证书一般 2 年内有效
- 高敏感品类（锂电池、放射性、感染性）的 DGD 建议委托具备 DG 资质的专业代理出单
十六、结尾：DGD 是 DG 链路里「最后一道闸门」
DGD 之前的所有动作——识别、PI 包装、标签、配载——都可以在仓库内反复修正。但 DGD 一旦签字交单，所有错误都成法律责任。
新人最容易掉链子的不是手册难，而是心态散漫。觉得"格式化"、"上次也是这么填"、"没什么大不了"——一旦养成这种心态，迟早会出事。
资深 DG 专员的工作纪律是：
- 每票货都重新对照 DGL 填，不靠记忆
- 每张 DGD 都让另一个人复核，至少 4 眼
- 每个签字都标日期 + 证书 ID，留好底单
- 每次出事都做案例复盘，更新内部 SOP
这一套做下来，你的 DGD 退件率会从行业平均的 30%+ 降到 3% 以内。这就是「会填 DGD」和「能签 DGD」之间真正的差距。
最后给一个小建议：每家货代公司都应该有一份内部「DGD 模板库」，按品类（锂电池 / 干冰 / 香水 / 化学品 / 限量 / 例外数量）各存一份脱敏的标准范本，新人接到对应类型的货时直接复用模板字段，只改 UN 号、净量、Shipper、Consignee 等可变项。这不是偷懒，是把资深人员的经验沉淀为团队资产。一年下来你会发现这是降低退件率最划算的内部投入——比再多培训一遍 IATA CAT 6 都管用。
下一篇我们继续往合规链路核心走：锂电池空运 UN3480 / 3481 / 3090 / 3091 + PI 965-970 Section II / IB / IA 全拆。这是民航 DG 里最热闹、改版最频繁、瞒报代价最高的一块。我们下次见。
A full cargo flight carrying 60 cases of 75% ethanol disinfectant was delivered to the airport cargo terminal last night. Delivered at 4:00 p.m., return receipt received at 9:00 p.m.—this is the fourth time the DGD has been rejected. First rejection: The “Aircraft Type” field was marked as “Passenger and Cargo Aircraft,” but the cargo weight exceeded the passenger aircraft weight limit; it should have been marked as “Cargo Aircraft Only.” Second rejection: The PSN was listed as “Ethanol 75%”; the standard notation should be “Ethanol” or “Ethanol solution.” Third rejection: The “Quantity & Type of Packing” field listed “60 boxes × 2.4 L,” but did not specify the net weight or outer packaging type. Fourth rejection: The name in the “Shipper” signature field did not match the ID on the certificate of qualification. The customer is pressing for shipment on the other end, but ground handling cannot submit the waybill. Every DG freight forwarder’s warehouse has encountered this kind of situation.The DGD form appears to have only about 30 fields, yet 90% of new hires make mistakes when filling it out, while 90% of experienced operators get it right on the first try. What’s the difference? This article breaks down the rules for each field in Chapter 8 of the IATA DGR (DGD) for you once and for all.
I. What Is the DGD: Legal Status + Who Signs It
The DGD (Shipper’s Declaration for Dangerous Goods), commonly known as the “red-striped form”—it features a striking red diagonal striped border on both sides.
The DGD has a unique legal status:
- It is a legal declaration by the shipper to the carrier and civil aviation authorities, and the signatory bears civil and criminal liability for the accuracy and completeness of its contents
- It must be signed by a person who has completed IATA DGR training (CAT 6 Initial/Recurrent) and holds a valid certificate
- The signatory’s name must match the certificate ID
- Any errors in the fields will result in the entire shipment being refused; serious misdeclarations will lead to being placed on the carrier’s blacklist and an investigation by the authorities
The signatory is not merely an “operator” but a licensed DG specialist. This position has a separate compensation structure in European and American air freight forwarding companies; however, some small and medium-sized freight forwarders in China still allow individuals without training certificates to sign on behalf of the company, which poses a significant legal risk.
II. Overview of Mandatory DGD Fields
The standard DGD format (based on the IATA DGR Chapter 8 template) is broadly divided into four sections, comprising over 30 fields. The table below serves as a quick reference for frontline staff to “fill in each field”:
| Section | Key Fields | Consequences of Errors |
|---|
| Top Identification | Shipper / Consignee / AWB / Origin / Destination | Returned shipment, reissue |
| Mid-Process Restrictions | Aircraft Type / Shipment Type / Non-radioactive | Returned shipment; possible rebooking |
| Core Cargo | UN/PSN/Class/Subsidiary/PG/Quantity/PI/Authorization | Returned shipment + risk of misdeclaration |
| Disclaimer at the bottom | Additional Handling / Emergency Phone / Signature | Returned shipment; cannot be handled in an emergency |
III. Top Fields: Shipper / Consignee / AWB / Origin / Destination
This section is most likely to be “rushed through,” yet it has the highest return rate.
1. Shipper
- Format: Full company name + full address + phone number + country
- Common Mistake: Do not write only “Shanghai X Company”; it must be in English + full address
- Must match the Shipper listed on the AWB
2. Consignee
- Format: Full company name + Full address + Phone number + Country
- Common Mistakes to Avoid: Do not write “TO ORDER” or “TO BE ADVISED”; the DGD must specify the consignee
- Must match the “Consignee” listed on the AWB
3. Air Waybill No.
- 11-digit number; the first 3 digits are the carrier’s prefix (e.g., Air China 999, Lufthansa 020) + the last 8 digits are a sequential number
- Must exactly match the actual number on the AWB
4. Airport / City of Departure & Destination
- Use the IATA three-letter code + the city’s name in English (e.g., “PVG / Shanghai” + “FRA / Frankfurt”)
- Do not list transit airports here; list them in the “Additional Handling” section or on a separate air waybill
IV. Middle Section: Aircraft Type / Shipment Type / Non-radioactive
All three fields in this section must be “checked.” While this may seem simple, checking even one incorrectly will result in the entire shipment being returned.
1. Aircraft Type
You must delete one of the two options (cross it out with a thick black pen):
| Option | When to Retain |
|---|
| Passenger and Cargo Aircraft | When all cargo complies with passenger aircraft weight limits and is not classified as a prohibited category for passenger aircraft |
| Cargo Aircraft Only | When any item of cargo exceeds the passenger aircraft weight limit or falls under a category restricted by the CAO |
Strict Rule: The label retained must match the CAO label on the outer packaging. If “Cargo Aircraft Only” is retained, the outer packaging must bear the orange-and-black CAO label.
2. Shipment Type
One of the two options must be removed:
- Non-radioactive
- Radioactive
For non-radioactive cargo, retain the former. Radioactive cargo follows the specialized DGR Chapter 10 procedures, which are not covered in this series.
3. Airport / City of Destination
If there are transit airports or multiple flight segments, note them here.
V. Core Fields: How to Fill Out Each Column of Cargo Information
These are the 8 most critical columns in the DGD. Each column has strict formatting requirements.
`` | UN/ID No. | Proper Shipping Name | Class | Sub | PG | Quantity & Type | PI | Authorization | ``
1. UN/ID No.
- A 4-digit number; must be prefixed with “UN”
- Do not confuse this with the ID number (the ID number is assigned by ICAO and is used for a small number of substances)
2. Proper Shipping Name (PSN)
- Follow the DGL table’s formatting exactly—copy the capitalization, parentheses, and spaces 1:1
- For N.O.S. entries, include the technical name:
Flammable liquid, n.o.s. (Ethanol, Isopropanol) - Do not add your own descriptions, such as “75%” or “pure,” or other additional text (unless specifically permitted by the DGL table itself)
3. Class or Division
- Enter the main class here (e.g., “3,” “2.1,” “5.1,” “9”)
- Enter the Arabic numeral followed by the subclass number
4. Subsidiary Risk
- Enter the subsidiary class here (e.g., “5.1,” “6.1”)
- Indicate in parentheses:
(5.1) or 5.1 - If there is no subclass, enter “—” or leave blank
5. Packing Group
- Roman numerals I / II / III
- For goods in Classes 1, 2, 7, 5.2, etc., that are not assigned a Packing Group, enter "—" or leave blank
6. Quantity and Type of Packing
This is the field where errors most commonly occur. Standard format:
`` 件数 + 外包装类型 + 内包装件数 × 单瓶容量 = 总净量 ``
Example:
60 fibreboard boxes × 24 plastic bottles × 100 mL = 144 L net1 steel drum × 200 L = 200 L net2 IBCs × 1000 L = 2000 L net
Be specific: net weight (not gross weight), packing levels (outer carton + inner bottle), and units (L for liquids / kg for solids).
7. Packing Instruction (PI)
- Enter the PI number provided by DGL
- If shipping under quantity restrictions: Enter
Y341 or LQ, and enter “Limited Quantity” in the Authorization column - If shipping as an exception quantity: Enter
E1 / E2 etc., and enter "Excepted Quantity" in the Authorization column
8. Authorization
- Common values:
- Blank (standard full DG)
Limited Quantity / LQExcepted Quantity / EQA1、A2 etc., Special Provisions reference number (as required by the DGL Special Provisions column)
If you are unfamiliar with the DGL correspondences, it is recommended to first use the Dangerous Goods Check tool to enter the UN number for pre-screening. The tool will automatically generate the PSN, Class, Subclass, PG, PI, limit thresholds, and recommended Authorization value, which you can then manually copy to the DGD draft.
VI. Bottom Fields: Additional Handling / Emergency Phone / Signature
The three bottom fields of the DGD determine whether someone can be contacted in the event of an incident.
1. Additional Handling Information
Fields to fill in:
- Transit airports (e.g.,
Via Anchorage） - Special handling requirements (e.g.,
Keep upright、Temperature controlled +2 to +8 °C） - Additional notes regarding lithium batteries
- Container Stowage Restrictions
2. 24-Hour Emergency Phone Number
- Required; must be a phone number where a DG specialist can be reached 24 hours a day
- This field must be completed for lithium battery shipments
- Country code + area code + full number
- Consequences of incorrect information: Ground handling staff may question your emergency response capabilities and return the shipment immediately; if an incident actually occurs and no one answers the phone → an investigation by civil aviation authorities will be initiated
3. Name & Signature of Signatory
- The signatory’s name must be the full name and match the name on the IATA DGR training certificate
- It is recommended to also include the signatory’s certificate ID (e.g., IATA DGR Training Certificate No.)
- The signature must be handwritten (acceptance of electronic signatures depends on the carrier’s policy)
- Date: The date the DGD is issued
If an AWB is to be issued simultaneously, it is recommended to use an AWB Filler to pre-populate the AWB fields—the Shipper, Consignee, Quantity, and Net Weight on the DGD and AWB must be exactly the same; discrepancies between the two documents are the second most common cause of processing delays at ground handling.
VII. Four-Party Reconciliation of the DGD and AWB: The Most Easily Overlooked Consistency Check
When a single shipment of dangerous goods (DG) goes through the entire process, four key documents are generated. Any inconsistency in the information across these documents will cause the shipment to be held up by ground handling. Frontline staff refer to this as “four-party reconciliation”:
| Document | Key Fields | Issued By |
|---|
| DGD (Dangerous Goods Declaration) | UN/PSN/Class/PG/Quantity/PI | Licensed DG Operator |
| AWB (Air Waybill) | Shipper/Consignee/Pieces/Weight/Nature of Goods | Freight Forwarder |
| Outer Box Label | UN/PSN/Label/Marking | Factory / Packaging Supplier |
| PI Packing List | Inner Bottle + Outer Carton Combination | UN Packaging Manufacturer |
Core consistency items for four-party reconciliation:
- UN Number: DGD = Outer Carton Marking = AWB “Nature of Goods” Description
- PSN Format: DGD = Outer Box Marking (exactly matching, including case, parentheses, and alignment)
- Number of Pieces: DGD = AWB Pieces = Outer Box Count
- Net Weight / Gross Weight: DGD Net Weight + AWB Gross Weight + Actual Weight
- Packaging Type: DGD Quantity & Type = Actual outer box type
- Signatory: DGD Signatory Name + Certificate ID (for record-keeping) = For freight forwarder’s records
The two items most prone to errors:
- The DGD states “60 boxes × 24 bottles × 100 mL = 144 L net,” but the “Nature of Goods” field on the AWB only states “Consumer goods” — the AWB description must include the DG designation and specify at least the UN number and PSN
- The Net Weight on the DGD was not converted to the AWB → The AWB must clearly distinguish between Gross Weight and Net Weight
Experienced operators lay out these four documents side by side before submitting the shipment, use a red pen to circle the same fields on each document, and cross-check them item by item—this process takes only 3 minutes but prevents 90% of returns.
VIII. Several Special Variants of the DGD
The DGD is not a “one-size-fits-all” template. The following four special scenarios require additional information beyond the standard DGD:
1. Lithium-ion battery shipments
- The “Quantity” column must specify the number of batteries plus the energy per battery in watt-hours (Wh) or lithium content (g)
- Example:
1 box × 4 lithium ion batteries × 100 Wh per cell, 400 Wh per package - “Authorization” column: Specify the section according to PI 965-970 (Section II / IB / IA)
- The “Emergency Phone” field is required
- The shipment must be affixed with a lithium battery handling label
2. Dry ice cold chain shipments
- The “Quantity” column must specify the net weight of dry ice (not the total gross weight)
- Example:
1 EPS box × 5 kg dry ice + sample inside - The outer packaging must be breathable (dry ice sublimates and releases CO₂)
- The net weight of each piece of dry ice must not exceed the limits specified in PI 954 (differences apply between passenger aircraft and all-cargo aircraft)
- In the “Additional Handling” field, indicate “Allow venting”
3. Limited Quantity Cargo
- Fill in the “Quantity” column as usual
- Enter “Limited Quantity” in the “Authorization” column
- In the PI column, enter a number prefixed with “Y” (e.g., Y341)
- A main class label is not required, but a “Y” mark and directional arrow must be affixed
4. Excepted Quantity Cargo
- In the "Quantity" column, specify the maximum net quantity per bottle + the maximum net quantity per outer carton
- In the Authorization column, enter "Excepted Quantity"
- In the PI column, enter E1, E2, etc.
- Affix an “E” mark to the outer packaging, indicating the primary hazard class number
- The total quantity per outer packaging must not exceed 1 kg or 1 L
For each variant, there are 1–2 additional items to verify compared to the standard DGD. Until new staff become familiar with the process, it is recommended to keep a copy of a complete template as an internal SOP for each shipment of a given category.
IX. A Complete DGD Sample (Fictitious Example)
Below is a draft of a standard DGD completed according to the rules in this document (except for the actual product information, all company details are fictitious):
``` Shipper: Shanghai DG Logistics Co., Ltd. 123 Hongqiao Road, Shanghai 200000, China Tel: +86-21-XXXXXXXX Consignee: Frankfurt Import GmbH 45 Hauptstraße, 60311 Frankfurt am Main, Germany Tel: +49-69-XXXXXXX
AWB No.: 020-12345678 (Lufthansa Cargo) Departure: PVG / Shanghai Destination: FRA / Frankfurt
[X] Cargo Aircraft Only (Passenger crossed out) [X] Non-radioactive (Radioactive crossed out)
| UN/ID No. | Proper Shipping Name | Class | Sub | PG | Quantity & Type | PI | Authorization | | UN1170 | Ethanol | 3 | — | II | 60 fiberboard boxes × 24 PE bottles × 100 mL = 144 L net | Y341 | Limited Quantity |
Additional Handling Information:
- Keep upright. This way up.
- Y mark applied. Class 3 label not required for LQ.
Emergency Phone (24h): +86-21-XXXXXXXX
I hereby declare that the contents of this consignment are fully and accurately described above by the Proper Shipping Name, and are classified, packaged, marked, and labeled, and in all respects in proper condition for transport in accordance with applicable international and national governmental regulations.
Name & Title of Signatory: Wang Xiao Ming / DG Operations Manager IATA CAT 6 Certificate No.: CN-2026-XXXXX Place / Date: Shanghai / 2026-XX-XX Signature: _____________________ ```
X. Special Handling for DGDs with Multiple UN Numbers and Transshipment Cargo
In practice, situations where “a single shipment contains multiple UN numbers” or “requires transit through multiple flight segments” are common; the method for filling out the DGD varies slightly in such cases.
1. Consolidated Declaration for Multiple UN Numbers
If there are 2–5 different UN numbers for DG under the same AWB (e.g., a consolidated shipment containing batteries, dry ice, and perfume), a single DGD may be used for consolidated declaration, provided that:
- Each UN number must be listed on a separate line, in sequential order
- Select the “Aircraft Type” based on the most restrictive requirement (if any item requires CAO, the entire DGD must be transported via CAO)
- Calculate the PI weight limit separately for each UN number and affix separate labels
- The compatibility matrix (Table 9.3.A) must be reviewed first (see the next article in this series for details)
- The total number of pieces and total gross weight must be clearly stated in the DGD header
If the shipment contains more than 5 UN numbers, it is recommended to split it into multiple DGDs and multiple AWBs for separate handling, to facilitate verification and reduce the likelihood of errors.
2. Transshipment
Transshipment refers to situations where, after departure, the shipment must change flights at a third-party airport before continuing its journey. Notes on filling out the DGD:
- “Additional Handling Information” must specify:
Via [Transhipment Airport IATA Code] - Example: Shanghai → Frankfurt, transiting through Dubai →
Via DXB - The SV (State Variation) for the country where the transshipment airport is located must also be verified
- The OV of the transshipment carrier must also be verified
The return rate for transit shipments is 2–3 times higher than for direct flights due to an additional layer of compliance review. Whenever possible, prioritize direct flights.
3. Trends in the Evolution of e-DGD (Electronic DGD)
The International Air Freight Forwarders Association and major airlines have been promoting e-DGD (Electronic DGD) over the past two years. Its advantages include:
- The backend database automatically verifies whether the UN, PSN, and PI match
- Automatically calculates PI weight limits
- Automatically generates multiple copies
- Automatic archiving for instant retrieval in emergencies
However, the current reality is:
- Each carrier has different standards for accepting e-DGDs, and some still require the original paper DGD
- The level of support from ground handling services in destination countries varies; some countries still require a paper DGD for entry
- Be sure to confirm with the carrier before departure whether they accept e-DGDs
If your company has not yet implemented an e-DGD system, the paper DGD remains the default. Whenever possible, prioritize machine-printed copies over handwritten ones; machine-printed fields are clear and less prone to misreading, reducing the likelihood of challenges from ground handling staff.
XI. Common Misconceptions
- Misconception 1: The DGD is a formatted document; you can just copy the previous shipment and make a few changes — This is the most common source of errors. The UN number, PSN, quantity, and PI may vary for each shipment, so you must fill it out anew by cross-referencing the DGL.
- Misconception 2: You can add your own description to the PSN — Wrong. The PSN must be copied exactly as written on the DGL; even one extra word counts as a deviation.
- Misconception 3: You can just enter the gross weight in the “Quantity” field —— Wrong. You must enter the net weight and clearly specify the packaging levels.
- Misconception 4: The “Authorization” column does not need to be filled out for limited-quantity shipments —— Wrong. “Limited Quantity” must be entered.
- Misconception 5: Leave all “Aircraft Type” options checked and let the airline decide — Wrong. You must delete all but one option, leaving only a single choice.
- Misconception 6: Listing the company’s main switchboard number for “Emergency Phone” — High risk. It must be a phone number where a DG specialist can be reached 24 hours a day; while the main switchboard may answer during the day, if it cannot be reached at night, an incident could result in a major accident.
- Misconception 7: Using initials or a stage name for the signatory’s name — Incorrect. The full name must match the certificate ID.
- Misconception 8: Electronic signatures are universal — Not necessarily. Many carriers still require handwritten signatures on the original document; some carriers are beginning to accept e-DGDs (electronic DGDs), but you must confirm in advance that the carrier supports this.
- Misconception 9: One copy of the DGD is sufficient —— Wrong. Typically, 4–5 copies are required (shipper’s copy + AWB attachment + ground handling agent + carrier + destination port).
- Misconception 10: If there’s an error on the DGD, you can correct it and sign it again —— Wrong. Any alterations render the document invalid; it must be reprinted and resigned.
XII. Practical Checklist (60 seconds before submitting the DGD)
- [ ] Shipper / Consignee full address + phone number + country
- [ ] 11-digit AWB number + matches the operating carrier’s prefix
- [ ] Origin / Destination Airport IATA Three-Letter Code
- [ ] Aircraft Type: One option crossed out; the remaining option matches the CAO label
- [ ] “Non-radioactive” checked (if the cargo is non-radioactive)
- [ ] UN Number + PSN must exactly match the DGL
- [ ] N.O.S. has been supplemented with the technical name
- [ ] Class / Subclass / PG format complies with DGR regulations
- [ ] Quantity: Net quantity, packaging level, and unit are listed
- [ ] PI number is correct; quantity limits and exceptions are noted in the “Authorization” column
- [ ] Additional Handling: Transit airports and special requirements have been specified
- [ ] Emergency Phone: Contactable 24 hours a day
- [ ] Signer’s name, complete certificate ID, and today’s date
- [ ] DGD: 4–5 copies are complete
- [ ] DGD contents match the AWB, outer box labels, and PI—all four parties have verified the information
- [ ] Copies, emergency list, and ICE (Inbound Cargo Enquiry) are fully prepared
Calculate all DG surcharges, fuel surcharges, and security fees before dispatching—use the Surcharge Estimator to calculate everything at once to avoid significant discrepancies between the quote and the actual invoice.
13. Method for Classifying Three Job Categories
| Position | Core DGD Decision-Making Actions | Output |
|---|
| Freight Forwarder / Operations | Obtain SDS + DGL → Prepare DGD draft → Two-person review → Sign and submit documents | Fully Compliant DGD |
| Cross-Border E-Commerce Operations | Confirm whether the supplier/manufacturer can provide a licensed DG operator to sign on their behalf | Partner Screening |
| Factory / Supplier | Prepare complete SDS, COA, and packaging certification for the freight forwarder | Minimize the need for the freight forwarder to make changes to the shipping documents |
14. The 5 Most Common Reasons for Shipment Rejections + How to Avoid Them
No matter how varied the reasons given by ground handling staff for returning shipments (DGD) may be, they can generally be categorized into these 5 types. This is based on industry experience, and newcomers can avoid many pitfalls by referring to this list:
| Return Type | Estimated Percentage | Typical Manifestations | Preventive Measures |
|---|
| Incorrect or Missing Field Entries | Approx. 40% | Mismatched UN/PSN/PI, missing Authorization, incorrect unit of measure for Quantity | DGL cross-check + two-person review |
| Discrepancies among the four parties | Approx. 25% | DGD does not match AWB / outer carton / packing list | 3-minute side-by-side reconciliation before submitting documents |
| Incorrect Aircraft Type Selection | Approx. 15% | Pax + Cargo marked as required by CAO | Review the PI weight limits |
| Signature / Certificate Issues | Approx. 10% | Signatures not in full name, expired certificates, electronic signatures not accepted | Internal record management |
| Emergency Contact Issues | Approx. 5% | Incorrect phone number, no answer within 24 hours | Test call connected |
| Other | Approx. 5% | Alterations, missing pages, illegible handwriting | Reprint without alterations |
Make these five categories of preventive measures mandatory checkpoints in your internal SOP. Ensure every DGD goes through this process before it leaves the office, and you can reduce the return rate to an industry-leading level. A returned document isn’t just a form sent back—it also entails hidden losses such as eroded customer trust, flight delays, and strained relationships with ground handling services.Every return represents a decline in the customer experience; over time, this can erode the foundation of your partnerships with top-tier airlines and premium clients.
XV. Compliance and Boundary Reminders
- This article is a practical guide based on the publicly available IATA DGR Chapter 8 “Documentation” framework and does not constitute legal, compliance, or safety advice.
- DGD templates and completion requirements are subject to the current version of IATA DGR Chapter 8.
- Different operating carriers (OVs) may require additional DGD attachments; check the latest version before shipment.
- e-DGD (electronic DGD) rules are evolving; acceptance varies by airline, so confirm in advance
- The signatory must hold a valid IATA DGR CAT 6 training certificate, which is generally valid for two years
- For highly sensitive categories (lithium batteries, radioactive materials, infectious substances), it is recommended to have a professional agent with DG certification issue the DGD
XVI. Conclusion: The DGD is the “final gate” in the DG chain
All steps prior to DGD—identification, PI packaging, labeling, and loading—can be repeatedly corrected within the warehouse. However, once the DGD is signed and submitted, any errors become a matter of legal liability.
The biggest pitfall for newcomers isn’t that the manual is difficult, but rather a lax attitude. Thinking “it’s just a formality,” “I filled it out this way last time,” or “it’s no big deal”—once this mindset takes hold, trouble is bound to happen sooner or later.
The work ethic of a seasoned DG specialist is:
- Fill out every shipment by cross-checking against the DGL anew, never relying on memory
- Have every DGD reviewed by another person—at least four sets of eyes
- Date and include the certificate ID on every signature, and keep a copy of the original document
- Conduct a case review after every incident and update internal SOPs
By following this process, your DGD return rate will drop from the industry average of over 30% to under 3%. This is the real difference between “knowing how to fill out a DGD” and “being able to sign off on a DGD.”
Finally, here’s a small suggestion: Every freight forwarding company should maintain an internal “DGD template library,” with one de-identified standard template for each category (lithium batteries / dry ice / perfumes / chemicals / limited quantities / exception quantities). When new employees handle shipments of these types, they can directly reuse the template fields, modifying only variable items such as the UN number, net weight, shipper, and consignee.This isn’t cutting corners; it’s about turning the experience of senior staff into a team asset. Over the course of a year, you’ll find this is the most cost-effective internal investment for reducing return rates—it’s even more effective than conducting another round of IATA CAT 6 training.
In the next post, we’ll delve deeper into the core of the compliance process: a comprehensive breakdown of air transport for lithium batteries (UN 3480 / 3481 / 3090 / 3091) plus PI Sections 965–970, Section II, IB, and IA.This is the most dynamic, frequently revised, and highest-risk area for misdeclaration in civil aviation dangerous goods regulations. See you next time.