How is freight CO2 calculated?

Freight CO2 is calculated by multiplying cargo weight (tonnes) by transport distance (km) and a mode-specific emission factor (kg CO2 per tonne-km). Air freight uses 0.602 kg/t-km, sea freight 0.016, road 0.062, and rail 0.022. Air freight also includes a Radiative Forcing Index (RFI) multiplier of 2x for high-altitude effects.

What is RFI (Radiative Forcing Index)?

RFI accounts for the enhanced climate impact of aircraft emissions at high altitude. Non-CO2 effects like contrails and NOx have roughly double the warming effect of CO2 alone. A standard multiplier of 2x is applied to air freight emissions following GLEC Framework guidelines.

What are GLEC emission factors?

The Global Logistics Emissions Council (GLEC) Framework provides standardized default emission factors for calculating transport CO2. Version 3.0 is the industry standard, endorsed by the Smart Freight Centre. Factors vary by transport mode, fuel type, and vehicle efficiency.

How can I reduce freight carbon footprint?

Key strategies include: shifting from air to sea or rail freight where transit time allows; consolidating shipments; choosing carriers with newer fleets; using Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF) for air freight; selecting LNG-powered vessels for sea freight; and optimizing routing to reduce empty legs.

How much does carbon cost in the EU ETS?

The EU Emissions Trading System carbon price fluctuates around EUR 60-80 per tonne of CO2 as of 2026. Maritime shipping was included in the EU ETS from 2024. This cost affects freight pricing, especially for sea and air transport within or to/from Europe.

🌱 Carbon Emission Calculator

Calculate and compare CO₂ emissions across air, sea, road and rail freight to make informed green logistics decisions.

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